Retraction

Moving the bone posteriorly in the horizontal plane; ie movement in which the jaw is pulled in.

Retinaculum

A retaining connective tissue band.

Reticular Layer

Deeper layer of the dermis containing dense, irregular connective tissue; pars reticularis.

Reticular Activating System (RAS)

Network of cells in the brain responsible for the conscious, alert state of the body.

Resting Membrane Potential

Potential inside a resting cell in relation to the outside; transmembrane potential.

Respiratory System

The system that includes all parts from the nose to the lung alveoli; responsible for gas exchange.

Respiratory Rate

The frequency of breathing per minute;  number of breaths per minute.

Respiratory Minute Volume

The amount of air breathed in or out per minute.