Inflammation of a bursa, a small fluid-filled sac that cushions the bones, tendons, and muscles near your joints. Bursitis occurs most often in the shoulder, elbow, and hip, typically due to repetitive motion or direct pressure.
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
An autoimmune and inflammatory disease in which the immune system attacks the healthy cells in the body, primarily targeting the lining of the joints (synovium). Unlike osteoarthritis, RA often affects joints symmetrically and can cause systemic symptoms like fatigue and fever.
Osteoarthritis (OA)
Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis, characterized by the progressive breakdown of joint cartilage and underlying bone. Often called “wear-and-tear” arthritis, it commonly affects the hands, knees, hips, and spine, leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced range of motion.
Cauda Equina Syndrome
A serious condition caused by extreme compression of the cauda equina (the sack of nerve roots at the lower end of the spinal cord). It is a medical emergency that requires immediate surgical intervention to prevent permanent paralysis.
Ankylosing Spondylitis
An inflammatory disease that, over time, can cause some of the small bones in your spine (vertebrae) to fuse. This fusing makes the spine less flexible and can result in a hunched-forward posture. It primarily affects the sacroiliac joints.
Kyphosis
Kyphosis is an exaggerated, forward rounding of the back. It can occur at any age but is most common in older women. While some rounding is normal, “hyperkyphosis” refers to a curve that exceeds the healthy range, often in the thoracic spine.
Lordosis
Also known as swayback, lordosis is an excessive inward curve of the spine, most commonly in the lumbar region. While the spine has natural curves, a hyperlordotic curve can cause pain and pressure on the lumbar vertebrae.
Sciatica
Sciatica refers to pain that radiates along the path of the sciatic nerve, which branches from your lower back through your hips and buttocks and down each leg. It is typically caused by a compressed nerve in the lumbar spine or by the piriformis muscle.